How Autoimmune Diseases Can Hinder Mental Health

Thrive • Aug 25, 2022
By Thrive Wellness Reno Pediatric and Adolescent Psychiatrist Jayleen Chen, M.D. and Thrive Wellness Reno Primary Care Physician, Internal Medicine Lorrie Oksenholt, D.O. 

Autoimmune diseases affect 14.7 to 23.5 million Americans and involve abnormal functioning of the immune system which often leads to many debilitating and distressing physical ailments. Furthermore, mental health conditions may also result from autoimmune diseases and the medications used to treat them.

WHAT ARE AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES?

When operating optimally, the immune system attacks viruses, bacteria, and other harmful substances. As part of the immune system’s protection process against contaminants, white blood cells and antibodies prompt an inflammatory response that isolates foreign organisms and rids them from the body. An autoimmune disease occurs when the immune system malfunctions and begins to attack native body tissues and cells. There are over 80 different kinds of known autoimmune diseases, each of which can impact the body in unique ways. 

Common autoimmune diseases include:

  • Lupus: Occurs when the immune system attacks healthy tissues and organs, affecting many different body systems.
  • Multiple sclerosis: Occurs when the immune system attacks the protective covering of nerves, which disrupts communication between the brain and the body.
  • Psoriasis: Occurs when the immune system attacks healthy skin cells, causing a scaling, itchy, and dry skin patches to form. 
  • Rheumatoid arthritis: Occurs when the immune system attacks healthy cells in the joints, causing painful swelling. 
  • Type 1 diabetes : Occurs when the immune system attacks pancreatic cells which inhibits insulin production.
  • Vasculitis: Occurs when the immune system attacks the blood vessels, impeding circulation and potentially cutting off blood supply to different parts of the body.
  • Autoimmune diseases of the thyroid : Occur when the immune system attacks the thyroid, which can disrupt metabolic function throughout the body.

While the symptoms of autoimmune diseases vary by diagnosis, some common characteristics include: 

  • Fatigue
  • Muscle and joint pain 
  • Swollen glands
  • Fever
  • Skin irregularities
  • Abdominal pain 

AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES AND MENTAL HEALTH

Some theories that link autoimmune disorders with mental health include: 

  • Severe infection and autoimmune disease may cause mood disorders.
  • Mood disorders may create a susceptibility to infection or autoimmune disease. 
  • Mood disorders, severe infection, and autoimmune disorders may share common triggers. 

The typical symptoms of exhaustion and chronic pain brought on by many autoimmune diseases can make it difficult for a person to be happy, motivated, and productive. In addition to these concerns, autoimmune diseases and related inflammation can also contribute to a host of psychological conditions. Substances involved in the inflammatory response, such as pro-inflammatory cytokines, may contribute to:

With some autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, the immune system attacks parts of the central nervous system that impact mood and cognition. This may lead to neurocognitive changes, such as:

  • Irritability
  • Personality changes
  • Depression
  • Psychosis, characterized by a disconnect from reality

Some medications used to treat the symptoms of autoimmune disorders can also lead to psychiatric symptoms. For example, anti-inflammatory steroids may cause symptoms of: 

  • Agitation
  • Anxiety
  • Distractibility
  • Fear
  • Hypomania , or extreme changes in mood, emotions, or energy levels
  • Apathy, lack of interest in activities one once enjoyed
  • Insomnia
  • Irritability
  • Lethargy
  • Pressured speech, or talking faster than usual
  • Restlessness

Mental health conditions can create barriers to effectively coping with autoimmune diseases and vice versa. Tending to one’s mental health with professional support can improve a person’s ability to manage life with an autoimmune disorder.  

INTEGRATED MENTAL AND PHYSICAL HEALTH CARE AT THRIVE WELLNESS

Founded in the principle that physical and mental health overlap and influence each other, Thrive Wellness’ approach to client care is collaborative, integrated, and comprehensive. Our interdisciplinary clinicians include primary care physicians, psychiatrists, therapists, occupational therapists, and dietitians who treat all aspects of individuals’ health concerns and empower them to flourish. Reach out to learn more about our health services

While all Thrive Wellness locations offer interdisciplinary clinical teams who collaborate to treat eating disorders, perinatal mood and anxiety disorders (PMADs), and additional mental and behavioral health conditions, programs and services may vary by location.

About the Authors

Thrive Wellness Reno Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist Jayleen Chen, M.D.

Dr. Jayleen Chen is a child and adolescent psychiatrist with strong Northern Nevada roots. She brings extensive clinical leadership experience to Thrive, having served as the Chief of Staff and Medical Director at child and adolescent behavioral health centers in Reno. At Thrive, she treats children and adolescents struggling with behavioral health conditions. Dr. Chen completed her bachelor’s degree, medical doctorate, psychiatry residency, and child and adolescent psychiatry fellowship at the University of Nevada, Reno. Dr. Chen enjoys spending time with her family and friends. Her interests include cooking and baking, sports, hiking, and local theater.

Thrive Wellness Reno Primary Care Physician, Internal Medicine Lorrie Oksenholt, D.O.

After earning a bachelor’s degree in foods and nutrition at Walla Walla College in Washington state, Dr. Lorrie Oksenholt attended medical school at the University of Missouri-Kansas City where she obtained her medical degree as a doctor of osteopathic medicine. She completed her internal medicine residency through the University of Nevada, Reno where she also served as a clinical professor of medicine in both inpatient and outpatient settings. Additionally, Dr. Oksenholt worked as the chief of staff and acting medical director at Nevada Mental Health.

Dr. Oksenholt has been practicing internal medicine for over thirty years and has significant experience treating general health concerns as well as issues specific to women’s health and men’s health, respectively. Throughout her career, she has worked closely with clinical specialists to treat mental and behavioral health issues, including eating disorders. She is passionate about a whole-person approach to health care that addresses the mind, body, and heart for overall well-being. As an internal medicine physician at Thrive Wellness Reno, Dr. Oksenholt finds fulfillment in working alongside caring clinicians to foster holistic health for patients. She strongly believes in the power of preventative medicine and is committed to collaborating with those in her care to achieve optimal health.

Outside of her practice, Dr. Oksenholt enjoys taking advantage of the abundance of outdoor activities that Northern Nevada has to offer. She and her husband enjoy spending time together as well as with their children and grandchildren as often as possible. Dr. Oksenholt has many hobbies including glasswork, jewelry making, and quilting.

By Sage Tippie 23 Apr, 2024
Spring Cleaning Benefits for Mental Health Spring is a time of new beginnings, change, and transitions, including in our homes. With the warmer weather kicking motivation into high gear, Spring can be a prime time to do a deep clean. Not only is a clean space aesthetically pleasing to the eyes, but it can also help to improve your mental health. Learn about how tidying up your space can also tidy up your thoughts below along with tips for cleaning when you’re struggling with your mental health. 4 Reasons Why Cleaning is Beneficial to Mental health 1.Decreased Stress Not only does an uncluttered space provide a sense of calm, but the physical act of cleaning can release feel-good endorphins, reducing feelings of stress and anxiety. As you cross tasks off your checklist, your body also releases Dopamine. Also known as the “happy hormone”, Dopamine provides a sense of accomplishment and pride that can promote motivation in other areas of our lives. 2. Improved Focus Studies have shown that an uncluttered space can also lead to an uncluttered mind. Your focus can be drawn away from important tasks by a chaotic, messy space. Research has also shown a connection between procrastination and clutter, as an unwillingness to tackle larger chores like cleaning can translate over into various areas of our lives. By keeping your space tidy, it can inspire you to stay on top of other major tasks like work and school assignments. 3. Regulated Emotions According to this 2015 study , cleaning can function as a practice in mindfulness, providing an increased sense of calm and inspiration. Slowing down while cleaning gives you room to relax and free your mind of burdens, stressors, and irritants that can affect your mental health. Cleaning can even be considered a practice of self-care as the action helps you to connect with yourself and the outcome allows you to better enjoy your own space. 4. Sense of Order and Control When experiencing mental health struggles, people may feel a lack of control over their lives and emotions. Cleaning even small areas of the home can provide an increased sense of order and control as you cross tasks off your to-do list. Through realizing your own power by simply completing minor tasks like cleaning, it can reaffirm your ability to do more. 10 Tips for Cleaning When Struggling with Mental Health Mental health struggles and disorders commonly create barriers to one’s ability to clean and properly practice personal hygiene. Although these behaviors are normal side effects of mental health disorders, we want to work to aid our clients in cleaning to the best of their ability even in difficult times. Below, Thrive Wellness occupational therapist Meadow Deason shares some helpful tips she gives to clients when they struggle with cleaning due to mental health conditions: 1.Ask For Help Having support to clean can make a huge difference. Do the cleaning with the person helping you and have them hold you accountable. 2. Don't Wait for Motivation Motivation might not come before action, but it can build as you begin to see the results of your efforts. 3. Start Small Start with one area or one task and go from there. For example, concentrate on your bedroom first and then move on to the living room and bathroom. 4. Do Something Daily Even if you do only one small cleaning task a day, doing that one task creates momentum and prevents small tasks from building up and becoming overwhelming. 5. Use Sensory Modulation Change your environment by playing music, adjusting the lighting, or using aromatherapy. This can help to put you in a new headspace for cleaning. 6. Start with "High Impact" Tasks Start with more intensive or all-over cleaning tasks such as picking up clutter or doing the dishes. The visual "noise" of some tasks makes a large impact on the entire space, building motivation to continue cleaning. 7. Make a To-Do List Write a detailed to-do list of tasks and cross them off as you go. Physically marking down what you’ve accomplished can promote increased motivation. 8. Reward Yourself Set up a reward system where you reward yourself with a favorite activity or item when you complete a task as an incentive to clean. 9. Use the Rocket Method Don't think about it, just choose a task, countdown from five or ten and then start. This can help you to avoid potential anxiety and dread that can prevent you from cleaning. 10. Gamify Tasks Make up a game for your tasks or time yourself to promote increased engagement in cleaning. Your ability to complete tasks can be affected by a multitude of different factors and conditions including OCD , anxiety, depression , ADHD , and more. If you are struggling with motivation due to your mental health, help is here at Thrive Wellness.
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