Breaking Down Bipolar Disorder

Thrive • Mar 30, 2022

By Thrive Reno Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner Dr. Meredith D’Agostino, DNP, APRN, CEDS-S

WHAT IS BIPOLAR DISORDER?

Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder, formerly known as manic depression, that affects 2.8% of Americans, according to the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) . The hallmarks of bipolar disorder are dramatic and sudden mood swings that produce emotional highs and lows, or manic and depressive episodes. Manic episodes are characterized by intense feelings of happiness, while depressive episodes are characterized by intense feelings of sadness. The duration of these emotional shifts vary, and can last anywhere between hours to months at a time. 

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF BIPOLAR DISORDER

Recurring, intense manic and depressive episodes are the most telling sign of bipolar disorder.

Signs and symptoms of the manic phase of bipolar disorder include:

  • Feeling extremely cheerful, energized, or on-edge
  • Reduced need for sleep
  • Overconfidence, and a willingness to take unnecessary risks
  • Spending a lot of money

Following a manic episode, a person’s mood may return to normal, or they may fall into a depressive episode.

Signs and symptoms of the depressive phase of bipolar disorder include:

  • Low energy 
  • Lack of motivation
  • Reduced interest in activities and hobbies one once enjoyed
  • Problems with reasoning and decision-making 
  • Memory loss or “brain fog”
  • Suicidal thoughts or ideation

CAUSES AND RISK FACTORS FOR BIPOLAR DISORDER

The exact causes of bipolar disorder are still unknown. However, mental health experts agree various factors can increase the risks for bipolar disorder. These factors include genetics, brain structure, and environmental factors.

Genetics

People with specific genes seem to be more likely to develop bipolar disorder than others. The illness is also more common in those who have a family member with the same condition. Nevertheless, many people with a family history of bipolar disorder never develop this mental health condition.

Brain Structure

Neurocognitive research proposes that brains in persons with bipolar disorder show physical changes responsible for the symptoms. Disruption within the brain’s communication pathways, or neurotransmitters, has been linked to mood disorders and is believed to be at least partly the cause of bipolar disorder.  

Environmental

Environmental factors that may increase the risk of developing bipolar disorder include exposure to highly stressful or traumatic events and drug or alcohol abuse. 

COMMON CO-OCCURRING CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH BIPOLAR DISORDER

Often, bipolar disorder occurs alongside another mental health condition, though this is not always the case. When bipolar disorder is present in a person, anxiety disorders , substance use disorders (SUD), or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are also commonly present.

Substance Use Disorders (SUD)

To combat the symptoms of bipolar disorder, individuals frequently abuse drugs or alcohol to self-medicate. This, in turn, may lead to the development of an SUD, which can exacerbate the symptoms of bipolar disorder. 

Anxiety Disorders

Insomnia from a co-occurring anxiety disorder may trigger a manic episode for someone living with bipolar disorder. Anxiety about one’s health and behavior, including bipolar episodes, is also common. 

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Though it’s not fully clear why bipolar disorder and ADHD commonly occur together, biological and genetic factors could be partly responsible.

MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT BIPOLAR DISORDER

The most common misconception around the disease is that suffering individuals don’t have a clear enough head to make important decisions and live independently. In actuality, with support from mental health specialists, many individuals with bipolar disorder can manage their condition effectively to lead healthy, happy, independent lives.

Another misconception about bipolar disorder is that individuals with the condition are violent and dangerous. Instead of being perpetrators of violence, however, those suffering from severe mental health disorders are ten times more likely to be victims of abuse and violence than the general population, according to mentalhealth.gov .

Yet another frequent misconception regarding bipolar disorder is that those affected with the condition switch rapidly between high and low moods within a matter of minutes or hours. On the contrary, individuals with bipolar disorder experience changes in mood episodes at a much slower rate.

TREATMENT FOR BIPOLAR DISORDER

Bipolar disorder usually requires lifelong treatment that involves a combination of psychotherapy and medication.

Therapy

Individual therapy can be an invaluable resource for those struggling with bipolar disorder. Therapists can help individuals cope with the difficulties associated with bipolar disorder and implement strategies that promote entire well-being. Furthermore, family therapy can help families find ways to support their individuals and their loved ones with bipolar disorder. 

Medication Management

Psychiatric prescribers can typically provide medication management support to individuals with bipolar disorder. Medications may include a daily mood stabilizer drug, antipsychotic medications to bring a manic episode under control, and antidepressants to treat depressive episodes. Antidepressants, however, can lead some people to enter a mania phase, so they should be used cautiously. A person with bipolar disorder may need to try several different medications with the guidance of a psychiatric prescriber before finding the ones that work best.

CLINICAL SUPPORT FOR BIPOLAR DISORDER AT THRIVE

Thrive’s team of collaboratives includes psychiatric prescribers and therapists who work together to treat clients with bipolar disorder. If we can support you or a loved one who is struggling, reach out to learn more about our mental health and medication management support for bipolar disorder.  

About the Author

Thrive Reno Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner Dr. Meredith D’Agostino, DNP, APRN, CEDS-S

Dr. Meredith D’Agostino, DNP, APRN, CEDS-S, has over ten years of experience as a nurse practitioner. She has a doctorate degree and is dual-board certified in Psychiatric/Mental Health and Pediatrics. Meredith has experience in the treatment of eating disorders (and co-occurring disorders) with both medication prescribing and/or psychotherapy. She also has a passion for working with adolescents and their families and has received training in family-based therapy for eating disorders (also known as Maudsley method). Her goal is for patients to find their healthiest self by providing a caring and compassionate atmosphere where they can safely and confidently express themselves.

The post Breaking Down Bipolar Disorder first appeared on Thrive Wellness.

By Sage Tippie 23 Apr, 2024
Spring Cleaning Benefits for Mental Health Spring is a time of new beginnings, change, and transitions, including in our homes. With the warmer weather kicking motivation into high gear, Spring can be a prime time to do a deep clean. Not only is a clean space aesthetically pleasing to the eyes, but it can also help to improve your mental health. Learn about how tidying up your space can also tidy up your thoughts below along with tips for cleaning when you’re struggling with your mental health. 4 Reasons Why Cleaning is Beneficial to Mental health 1.Decreased Stress Not only does an uncluttered space provide a sense of calm, but the physical act of cleaning can release feel-good endorphins, reducing feelings of stress and anxiety. As you cross tasks off your checklist, your body also releases Dopamine. Also known as the “happy hormone”, Dopamine provides a sense of accomplishment and pride that can promote motivation in other areas of our lives. 2. Improved Focus Studies have shown that an uncluttered space can also lead to an uncluttered mind. Your focus can be drawn away from important tasks by a chaotic, messy space. Research has also shown a connection between procrastination and clutter, as an unwillingness to tackle larger chores like cleaning can translate over into various areas of our lives. By keeping your space tidy, it can inspire you to stay on top of other major tasks like work and school assignments. 3. Regulated Emotions According to this 2015 study , cleaning can function as a practice in mindfulness, providing an increased sense of calm and inspiration. Slowing down while cleaning gives you room to relax and free your mind of burdens, stressors, and irritants that can affect your mental health. Cleaning can even be considered a practice of self-care as the action helps you to connect with yourself and the outcome allows you to better enjoy your own space. 4. Sense of Order and Control When experiencing mental health struggles, people may feel a lack of control over their lives and emotions. Cleaning even small areas of the home can provide an increased sense of order and control as you cross tasks off your to-do list. Through realizing your own power by simply completing minor tasks like cleaning, it can reaffirm your ability to do more. 10 Tips for Cleaning When Struggling with Mental Health Mental health struggles and disorders commonly create barriers to one’s ability to clean and properly practice personal hygiene. Although these behaviors are normal side effects of mental health disorders, we want to work to aid our clients in cleaning to the best of their ability even in difficult times. Below, Thrive Wellness occupational therapist Meadow Deason shares some helpful tips she gives to clients when they struggle with cleaning due to mental health conditions: 1.Ask For Help Having support to clean can make a huge difference. Do the cleaning with the person helping you and have them hold you accountable. 2. Don't Wait for Motivation Motivation might not come before action, but it can build as you begin to see the results of your efforts. 3. Start Small Start with one area or one task and go from there. For example, concentrate on your bedroom first and then move on to the living room and bathroom. 4. Do Something Daily Even if you do only one small cleaning task a day, doing that one task creates momentum and prevents small tasks from building up and becoming overwhelming. 5. Use Sensory Modulation Change your environment by playing music, adjusting the lighting, or using aromatherapy. This can help to put you in a new headspace for cleaning. 6. Start with "High Impact" Tasks Start with more intensive or all-over cleaning tasks such as picking up clutter or doing the dishes. The visual "noise" of some tasks makes a large impact on the entire space, building motivation to continue cleaning. 7. Make a To-Do List Write a detailed to-do list of tasks and cross them off as you go. Physically marking down what you’ve accomplished can promote increased motivation. 8. Reward Yourself Set up a reward system where you reward yourself with a favorite activity or item when you complete a task as an incentive to clean. 9. Use the Rocket Method Don't think about it, just choose a task, countdown from five or ten and then start. This can help you to avoid potential anxiety and dread that can prevent you from cleaning. 10. Gamify Tasks Make up a game for your tasks or time yourself to promote increased engagement in cleaning. Your ability to complete tasks can be affected by a multitude of different factors and conditions including OCD , anxiety, depression , ADHD , and more. If you are struggling with motivation due to your mental health, help is here at Thrive Wellness.
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