The Mental Health Impacts of Sexual Assault

Thrive • Apr 05, 2022

By Thrive Reno Therapist Justus Mora, M.A., MFT-Intern

Sexual assault can have far-reaching impacts on victims’ mental and behavioral health. In response to the trauma of sexual assault, survivors may struggle with conflicting emotions, unhealthy behaviors, and mental and behavioral health conditions. With support from professionals, family members, and friends, however, individuals who have experienced sexual assault can learn to process their experience, discover healthy ways to cope, and find ways to flourish again.

WHAT IS SEXUAL ASSAULT?

Sexual assault refers to sexual contact or behavior that occurs without the explicit consent of the victim. 

Some examples include: 

  • Attempted rape
  • Fondling or unwanted sexual touch 
  • Forcing a victim to perform sexual acts
  • Penetration of a victim’s body

SIGNS OF SEXUAL ASSAULT

Signs that someone has been affected by sexual assault may include:

  • Signs of depression : Including persistent sadness, lack of energy, withdrawing from normal activities, and feeling down.
  • Self-harming behaviors : As a means for dealing with feelings of pain, distress, or overwhelm.
  • Low self-esteem : Characterized by feelings of worthlessness, comparing oneself to others, and difficulty maintaining boundaries. 
  • Anxiety about situations that didn’t cause worry in the past: Which may present as avoidance of specific situations or places.
  • Sexually transmitted infections or signs of physical abuse: Brought on by sexual assault. 
  • An increase in alcohol or drug use : As a way to cope with the emotional trauma brought on by the sexual assault. 

SEXUAL ASSAULT’S IMPACT ON MENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL HEALTH

Sexual assault increases the risk of developing mental or behavioral health disorders as well as other long-term mental health effects. 

Among many others, there is a correlation between sexual assault and the following mental and behavioral health disorders:

Long-term mental, emotional, and behavioral health effects of sexual assault can include:

  • Anger: Directed at the perpetrator. 
  • Fear: About subsequent assaults. 
  • Shame or self-blame: Wrongfully blaming oneself for behaving in a way that encouraged the perpetrator. 
  • Mood swings: Due to unresolved emotions surrounding the assault.
  • Promiscuity: As a kind of maladaptive coping mechanism. 
  • Loneliness: As a result of social isolation following the assault. 
  • Difficulty concentrating: Due to being distracted by the distress and trauma of the assault. 
  • Learned helplessness: A condition that causes individuals to feel utterly helpless to escape aversive situations, due to feeling incapable of avoiding the sexual advances of the offender.
  • Loss of trust in others and oneself: About 80% of sexual assault perpetrators are individuals who the victims know, according to the Rape, Abuse & Incest National Network (RAINN) . This personal relationship with the offender can impact the victims’ ability to trust others and themselves.

The responses of one’s social circle to a sexual assault can also impact the victim’s mental health, including:

  • Family members and friends may desire to avenge their loved one.
  • Family members and friends may feel inclined to fix their loved one.
  • Family members and friends may downplay their loved one’s experience as “not that bad”.
  • Victims may also become the target of bullying by their peers.

These unhealthy responses by victims’ family, friends, and peers are inappropriate and can cause them further mental and emotional distress. While the victim’s loved ones may be distraught in the wake of the assault, to avoid responding inappropriately, they should do their best to remain calm, offer their support to the victim, and seek support for themselves as well. 

COMMON MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT SEXUAL ASSAULT 

One misconception about sexual assault is that there is no reason for a victim not to report sexual violence.

Unfortunately, victims may grapple with many reasons to keep the assaults secret, including:

  • Concern that they won’t be believed
  • Fear of being blamed for the assault 
  • Feelings of intense shame or embarrassment
  • Fear of retaliation from their attacker
  • A desire to protect their attacker
  • Pressure from others not to inform law enforcement
  • Distrust in law enforcement

Another misconception is that victims can invite sexual assault or harassment by their behavior, the way they dress, or the places they go. This unjust transfer of responsibility to the victims removes rightful responsibility from perpetrators and can induce anxiety, depression, and trauma responses in victims.

Another misconception is that individuals who commit sexual assaults are mentally ill, abnormal, and perverted. While these circumstances may be true in some cases, sexual offenders come from all educational, cultural, and occupational backgrounds, and most offenders seem normal or ordinary. Their perceived social identity, however, takes away none of the immense harm that they cause victims.

HEALING FROM SEXUAL ASSAULT

Therapy can be vital for recovery from sexual assault and can guide victims to healing by helping them: 

  • Feel and express all of their emotions without experiencing shame
  • Foster self-compassion
  • Understand their triggers and discover effective ways to cope
  • Get to know their body again
  • Feel comfortable pursuing pleasure

At Thrive, we welcome and treat sexual assault victims with utmost respect, compassion, and kindness. Our therapists can help you heal the emotional pain as well as any other mental and behavioral health effects caused by a sexual assault. Reach out to learn more about our therapeutic services

Additionally, there are national resources available for individuals affected by sexual assault, including: 

About the Author

Thrive Reno Therapist Justus Mora, M.A., MFT-Intern

Justus Mora earned a bachelor’s degree in psychology from California State University, Bakersfield in 2014 before obtaining a master’s degree in marriage and family therapy counseling from the University of Nevada, Reno in 2018.  Since then, he’s helped outpatient clients with mental health struggles for over three years. Justus also has clinical experience in a substance abuse recovery setting, where he worked with clients to manage opiate addiction and co-occurring mental health concerns while also assisting with medication management. Throughout his career, he has served teenagers, adults, couples, and families.

As a therapist at Thrive Wellness Reno, Justus specializes in treating clients with mood disorders, relationship issues, and sexual health concerns, as well as those simply seeking more life satisfaction and fulfillment. His clinical approach is grounded in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and existential therapy, as well as elements from several other modalities depending on each client’s unique needs.

Justus is passionate about working with the LGBTQIA+ community and those struggling with sexual health and intimacy issues. He believes everyone needs a sense of safety, comfort, and community to thrive and strives to establish collaborative, non-judgmental, and understanding relationships with clients so that they may connect with their feelings and experience clarity and purpose in their lives.

By Sage Tippie 23 Apr, 2024
Spring Cleaning Benefits for Mental Health Spring is a time of new beginnings, change, and transitions, including in our homes. With the warmer weather kicking motivation into high gear, Spring can be a prime time to do a deep clean. Not only is a clean space aesthetically pleasing to the eyes, but it can also help to improve your mental health. Learn about how tidying up your space can also tidy up your thoughts below along with tips for cleaning when you’re struggling with your mental health. 4 Reasons Why Cleaning is Beneficial to Mental health 1.Decreased Stress Not only does an uncluttered space provide a sense of calm, but the physical act of cleaning can release feel-good endorphins, reducing feelings of stress and anxiety. As you cross tasks off your checklist, your body also releases Dopamine. Also known as the “happy hormone”, Dopamine provides a sense of accomplishment and pride that can promote motivation in other areas of our lives. 2. Improved Focus Studies have shown that an uncluttered space can also lead to an uncluttered mind. Your focus can be drawn away from important tasks by a chaotic, messy space. Research has also shown a connection between procrastination and clutter, as an unwillingness to tackle larger chores like cleaning can translate over into various areas of our lives. By keeping your space tidy, it can inspire you to stay on top of other major tasks like work and school assignments. 3. Regulated Emotions According to this 2015 study , cleaning can function as a practice in mindfulness, providing an increased sense of calm and inspiration. Slowing down while cleaning gives you room to relax and free your mind of burdens, stressors, and irritants that can affect your mental health. Cleaning can even be considered a practice of self-care as the action helps you to connect with yourself and the outcome allows you to better enjoy your own space. 4. Sense of Order and Control When experiencing mental health struggles, people may feel a lack of control over their lives and emotions. Cleaning even small areas of the home can provide an increased sense of order and control as you cross tasks off your to-do list. Through realizing your own power by simply completing minor tasks like cleaning, it can reaffirm your ability to do more. 10 Tips for Cleaning When Struggling with Mental Health Mental health struggles and disorders commonly create barriers to one’s ability to clean and properly practice personal hygiene. Although these behaviors are normal side effects of mental health disorders, we want to work to aid our clients in cleaning to the best of their ability even in difficult times. Below, Thrive Wellness occupational therapist Meadow Deason shares some helpful tips she gives to clients when they struggle with cleaning due to mental health conditions: 1.Ask For Help Having support to clean can make a huge difference. Do the cleaning with the person helping you and have them hold you accountable. 2. Don't Wait for Motivation Motivation might not come before action, but it can build as you begin to see the results of your efforts. 3. Start Small Start with one area or one task and go from there. For example, concentrate on your bedroom first and then move on to the living room and bathroom. 4. Do Something Daily Even if you do only one small cleaning task a day, doing that one task creates momentum and prevents small tasks from building up and becoming overwhelming. 5. Use Sensory Modulation Change your environment by playing music, adjusting the lighting, or using aromatherapy. This can help to put you in a new headspace for cleaning. 6. Start with "High Impact" Tasks Start with more intensive or all-over cleaning tasks such as picking up clutter or doing the dishes. The visual "noise" of some tasks makes a large impact on the entire space, building motivation to continue cleaning. 7. Make a To-Do List Write a detailed to-do list of tasks and cross them off as you go. Physically marking down what you’ve accomplished can promote increased motivation. 8. Reward Yourself Set up a reward system where you reward yourself with a favorite activity or item when you complete a task as an incentive to clean. 9. Use the Rocket Method Don't think about it, just choose a task, countdown from five or ten and then start. This can help you to avoid potential anxiety and dread that can prevent you from cleaning. 10. Gamify Tasks Make up a game for your tasks or time yourself to promote increased engagement in cleaning. Your ability to complete tasks can be affected by a multitude of different factors and conditions including OCD , anxiety, depression , ADHD , and more. If you are struggling with motivation due to your mental health, help is here at Thrive Wellness.
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